Vocabulary
2050 BCE - Middle Kingdom begins
1500 BCE - Queen Hatshepsut reigns Middle Kingdom - Egyptian time period that falls in between the "Old and New Kingdoms"; Called the "Golden Years" in Egypt Tribute - Forced payment to a more powerful group; It made Egypt rich Valley of the Kings - On the west bank of the Nile River; Tombs were built here for Pharaohs during the Middle Kingdom Hyksos - This group of outsiders conquered Egypt bring the Middle Kingdom to an end in 1670 BCE Ahmose - He drove the Hyksos out of Egypt out of Egypt in 1550 BCE; Starting the New Kingdom Hatshepsut - First female Pharaoh; led Egypt as a regent and then became Pharaoh after her nephew died Regent - person who rules a kingdom during the reign of a child, absence, or disability of the leader. Thutmose III - The nephew of Hatshepsut; He became pharaoh after her death. Amenhotep IV- Husband of Nefertiti; Created a new religion with only one god named Aton; Egypt lost much during his rule Tutankhamen or "King Tut" - Son-in-law of Amenhotep IV; Ruled at the age of 10; His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in AD 1922 Ramses II - Most successful Pharaoh during the New Kingdom 1150 BCE - In this year Egyptians lost there empire. Assyrians - In 670 BCE Egypt was taken over by what group? Theocracy - A government ruled by a religion |
How Did The Middle And New Kingdom The Middle Kingdom era began around 2050 BCE and lasted to about 1670 BCE. They focused on capturing more land, building more waterways, and expanding trade. During the Middle Kingdom, the arts seemed to be more widely used. Instead of building their Pharaoh's tomb as pyramids, they built them into cliffs and carved out the rock to make the temples and tombs of pharaohs. This tombs are called the Valley of the Kings. Soon afterwards the Hyksos from Western Asia conquered Egypt and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt came to an end.
The Hyksos ruled Egypt for 150 years and then the Egyptian prince Ahmose reconquered Egypt. This is the start of the New Kingdom. The New Kingdom lasted to about 1550 BCE to about 1080 BCE and Egypt became even more powerful and rich, A female Pharaoh was something no one had ever seen before, but Queen Hatshepsut was the first and only woman Pharaoh of Egypt. She served as a regent. She expanded trade and built more monuments. After her, Thutmose III began to capture more land and with that slavery came in to effect as Egypt captured prisoners of war. King Amenhotep later changed the Egyptian religion because he saw the Pharaohs were starting to lose power. This new religion was rejected and through this struggle Egypt was attacked and the Empire nearly collapsed. King Tutankhamen ("Tut") inherited the throne at only 10 years old. He ruled for 9 years and then died. He is the most famous because he is one of the only few Pharaohs to have their tomb found untouched. Ramses II rebuilt Egypt to be great again and started to build many temples. After Ramses II's rule Egypt began to fall apart. Finally, Egypt was conquered by the Assyrians and the Egyptian civilization ended. What Have I Learned From The PastPROBLEM: Religious disputes almost made Egypt collapse because it distracted them from outside threats.
SOLUTION: Do not create a theocracy and let everyone have their own religious freedom. |